{"id":4441,"date":"2025-07-31T09:55:08","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T09:55:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sites.unimi.it\/glaciol\/?page_id=4441"},"modified":"2025-08-01T09:46:15","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T09:46:15","slug":"stop_3-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sites.unimi.it\/glaciol\/index.php\/de\/stop_3-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Stop #3 – 1885: Der R\u00fcckzug am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, wo Eis zu Energie wird"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Energie aus dem Eis \u2013 Die Forni-Schleuse<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Das Schmelzwasser der Gletscher ist eine wertvolle Ressource \u2013 nicht nur f\u00fcr \u00d6kosysteme und die Landwirtschaft, sondern auch f\u00fcr die Erzeugung von Wasserkraft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alpine Wasserkraft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Wasser ist die wichtigste Quelle erneuerbarer Energie in Italien. Dank der zahlreichen Wasserkraftwerke im Land deckt sie etwa 16 % des nationalen Energiebedarfs. Aufgrund der reichlichen Niederschl\u00e4ge und der steilen H\u00e4nge konzentriert sich die Wasserkraftproduktion auf die Alpenregionen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In den 1940er, 1950er und 1960er Jahren wurden gro\u00dfe Staud\u00e4mme gebaut, um die Energieproduktion zu regulieren und sie auf Zeiten hoher Nachfrage zu konzentrieren. Zus\u00e4tzlich zu diesen Anlagen wurden im Laufe der Zeit, um die Abh\u00e4ngigkeit von fossilen Brennstoffen zu verringern, kleinere Anlagen ohne Speicherkapazit\u00e4t entwickelt. Diese leiten einen Teil des Wassers aus den B\u00e4chen in eine Druckleitung, die zur Turbine f\u00fchrt und dort Energie erzeugt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Die Forni-Schleuse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Die Forni-Schleuse, betrieben von A2A, sammelt das Schmelzwasser des gleichnamigen Gletschers und ist Teil eines komplexen Systems, das das Wasser der B\u00e4che des oberen Veltlins sammelt und es zum Cancano-Staudamm leitet. Der Braulio-Kanal, in den Fels gehauen und insgesamt 42 km lang, ist ein Meisterwerk der Ingenieurskunst. Er verbindet die verschiedenen T\u00e4ler des oberen Veltlins und erm\u00f6glicht es, das Schmelzwasser von Schnee und Eis zur Stromerzeugung im Kraftwerk Premadio zu nutzen \u2013 einem der bedeutendsten der Region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Abb.1: Die Forni-Schleuse<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Die Zukunft der Wasserkraft<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bisher stellte das Schmelzwasser der Gletscher einen \u00dcberschuss in der Wasserverf\u00fcgbarkeit dar. Doch bald werden wir auf diesen wertvollen Beitrag verzichten m\u00fcssen, der derzeit hilft, die minimale Wasserzufuhr in den Sommermonaten zu sichern. Laut Klimaszenarien werden Schneef\u00e4lle immer seltener, und die Schneeschmelze wird fr\u00fcher einsetzen, was die Wasserverteilung im Jahresverlauf drastisch ver\u00e4ndern wird.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zudem wird es \u2013 in Ermangelung gro\u00dfer Batteriespeichersysteme \u2013 immer wichtiger, Pumpspeichersysteme zu installieren. Diese nutzen \u00fcbersch\u00fcssige Energie aus der Produktion erneuerbarer Quellen, um Wasser in hochgelegene Speicherbecken zu pumpen, wo es in Zeiten von Energieengp\u00e4ssen genutzt werden kann. Wird sich der Wasserkraftsektor diesen Herausforderungen anpassen k\u00f6nnen?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Energie aus dem Eis \u2013 Die Forni-Schleuse Das Schmelzwasser der Gletscher ist eine wertvolle Ressource \u2013 nicht nur f\u00fcr \u00d6kosysteme […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4441","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nStop #3 - 1885: Der R\u00fcckzug am Ende des 19. 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