POSIZIONE ATTUALE e AFFILIAZIONE A PROGETTI e CENTRI DI RICERCA
2017 (1 apr.) – (ad oggi): Professore ordinario di Scienza Politica, Dipartimento di Scienze Sociali e Politiche, Università degli Studi di Milano
2017 (1 ott.) – 2020 (30 sett.) Presidente del Collegio Didattico Interdipartimentale del Corso di Laurea in Scienze Politiche, Università degli Studi di Milano
2010 (1 nov.) – 2017 (30 mar.) Professore associato di Scienza Politica, Dipartimento di Scienze Sociali e Politiche, Università degli Studi di Milano
2002 (20 dic.) – 2010 (30 ott.) Ricercatore in Scienza Politica, Dipartimento di Studi Sociali e Politici, Università degli Studi di Milano
2015 – (ad oggi), Head – Osservatorio Africa, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale (Ispi – Milano)
2002 – (ad oggi), Associate Senior Research Fellow, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale (Ispi – Milano)
2013 – (ad oggi), Membro dell’Editorial Board della Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica
2011-2013, Professore a contratto (Comparative Politics), Dipartimento di Analisi delle Politiche e Management Pubblico, Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi
2010 (1 nov.) – 2015 (30 ott.) Principal Investigator del progetto di ricerca “The economic, social and political consequences of democratic reforms. A quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis” (COD), finanziato da uno Starting Grant dello European Research Council (Grant Agreement no. 262873, “Ideas”, VII Programma Quadro)
2013 (ott.-dic.), Coordinatore Progetto, “La politica dell’Italia in Africa. Contesto, interessi e scenari della presenza politica e economica italiana nell’Africa subsahariana”, Rapporto per il Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale
2010 (mar.) – 2011 (lug.), Coordinatore Nazionale del Progetto di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) “Gli effetti della democratizzazione sul social welfare: un’analisi comparata delle nuove democrazie”, co-finanziato dal Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca e dalle Università degli Studi di Milano e di Torino
2007 (feb.) – 2009 (gen.), Coordinatore Nazionale del Progetto di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale (PRIN) “Le conseguenze politiche, economiche e sociali della democratizzazione”, co-finanziato dal Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca e dalle Università degli Studi di Milano e di Trieste
2002 (1 nov.) – 2010, Senior Visiting Fellow/Visiting Fellow, Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics
2007-2013, Associate Fellow, Penn Program in Ethnic Conflict, University of Pennsylvania
2001 (1 ott.) – 2002 (30 sett.), Research Fellow, Development Research Centre, Development Studies Institute, London School of Economics
FORMAZIONE UNIVERSITARIA
2001, PhD in Political Science/Development Studies, London School of Economics
1997, Master of Science in Development Studies (Politics), London School of Economics
1996, Laurea in Scienze Politiche, Università degli Studi di Milano
1994, Diplôme Européen Histoire des Idées et des Doctrines Politiques, Université Jean Moulin, Lyon
INTERESSI DI RICERCA
Politica e sviluppo economico dei paesi dell’Africa subsahariana. Democratizzazione, regimi politici, politica comparata, conseguenze dei regimi politici, politica in Africa, conflitti etnici, guerre civili.
Esperienza di ricerca sul campo in: Camerun, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambico, Namibia, Rwanda, Sudafrica e Uganda.
PRESENTAZIONI A CONFERENZE e SEMINARI e DOCENZE OCCASIONALI (principali e/o recenti)
Lecturer, Africa in the global scenario: between economic interests and geopolitical dynamics, Collegio Universitario Luigi Lucchini, Brescia, 18 October 2022
Chair, Meddling or helping? Foreign players in the Sahel, ISPI Conference, Milan, 5 October 2022
Lecturer, Sub-Saharan Africa: between economic prospects and geopolitical competition, Part of ISPI & ENEL Foundation course for Italian diplomats, 4 October 2022
Speaker, Geopolitical competition, the evolution of political regimes, and impact on Africa’s development, AIG Political Risk Talk, 12 September 2022
Speaker, Ethiopia without a solution, ISPI Roundtable, Milan, 22 June 2022
Speaker/Paper giver, Italy’s return to Africa: between external and domestic drivers, Paper presented at the NASP Graduate School, Milan, 10 May 2022
Lecturer, Africa: what kind of growth?, Diploma in International Politics, ISPI & Fondazione Sicilia, Palermo, 22 April 2022
Speaker, Changing EU-Africa relations after the AU-EU summit, Political talk/Executive Briefing, ENI Oil & Gas, Milan, 2 March 2022
Chair, War and food security: can Africa feed itself?, ISPI Roundtable, Milan, 9 June 2022
Convener and Speaker of the Executive Briefings series Africa and Italy: market scenarios and economic cooperation, Assolombarda, Milan, December 2021-April 2022
Lecturer, Political leadership and development in Africa. The project, the dataset, the findings, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Delft, 17 November 2021
Chair, Europe and Africa: Searching for Common Ground and a New Partnership, ISPI & Policy Center for the New South (PCNS), Milan, 16 November 2021
Convener and Lecturer for Farsi Prossimo Onlus short course: Nigeria: social complexity, political instability and economic dynamics behind migration and human trafficking, Milan, October 2021
Speaker, Italy’s Africa policy, Political talk/Executive Briefing, ENI Oil & Gas, Milan, 21 October 2021
Lecturer, Sub-Saharan Africa: between development prospects and geopolitical competition, Part of ISPI & ENEL Foundation course for Italian diplomats, 14 October 2021
Chair, Development Challenges in a Post-Pandemic Africa, ISPI & Policy Center for the New South (PCNS), Milan, 15 September 2021
Chair, Ethiopia: Tigray, the war the world does not see, ISPI Roundtable, Milan, 1 July 2021
Chair, Ethiopia: Too big to fail. What role for the international community in the Tigray crisis?, ISPI Conference, Milan, 26 May 2021
Lecturer, Conflict and instability in Africa, Diploma in International Politics, ISPI & Fondazione Sicilia, Palermo, 21 May 2021
Chair, Between Africa and the Middle East: geopolitical competition in the Red Sea, MED-Mediterranean Dialogues, ISPI, 28 April 2021
Speaker, Sub-Saharan Africa: regional developments, Executive Briefing, Allianz, Milan, 26 April 2021
Lecturer, La competizione internazionale in Africa e l’Italia, Executive Diploma in Strategic Affairs, Università LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, 23 April 2021
Speaker, Il coinvolgimento strategico della Turchia in Africa, Roundtable, Centro Studi di Politica Internazionale (CESPI), Rome, 21 April 2021
Lecturer, Regional focus, sub-Saharan Africa, Contemporary Geopolitics: players, challenges and global trends, Università Bocconi, Milan, 12 April 2021
Speaker, Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa: regional developments, Political talk/Executive Briefing, ENI Oil & Gas, Milan, 8 April 2021
Chair, Asia’s power games in Africa: is time up for the West?, ISPI Workshop, 5 March 2021
Chair, Congo: terra senza pace?, ISPI Roundtable, Milan, 25 February 2021
Chair, 10 years of Sahel: an endless crisis? A dialogue with Emanuela Del Re, EU Special Representative for the Sahel, Luca Attanasio Lecture, ISPI, February 2021
Speaker, EU-Africa relations, 4×4 Directors Forum. African-European Think Tank Dialogue, IFRI (Institut Français des Relations Internationals), 1 February 2021
Speaker, EU-Africa relations, Executive Briefing, Intesa SanPaolo Banking Group, 24 March 2021
Speaker, Oltre il Mediterraneo: una prospettiva strategica per la cooperazione tra Italia e Africa, Think Tank Agenda – Treccani, 26 January 2021
Chair, Africa’s thorny Horn, ISPI, Milan, 17 December 2020
Lecturer, Political leadership in Africa, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Delft, 24 November 2020
Speaker, Political leaders and development in Africa, Centre of African Studies, University of Edinburgh, 18 November 2020
Chair, Verso la guerra in Etiopia: torna l’instabilità nel Corno d’Africa?, ISPI, Milan, 19 November 2020
Chair, Europe-Africa. What chances for the EU New Strategy?, ISPI Roundtable, Milan, 29 October 2020
Speaker, Africa’s anomaly: the most resilient continent to the pandemic, Sustainable Development Festival, Rome, 5 October 2020
Speaker, Regional Competition and the Maritime Challenges in the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa, MED-Mediterranean Dialogues, 21 September 2020
Lecturer, La competizione internazionale in Africa e l’Italia, Executive Diploma in Strategic Affairs, Università LUISS Guido Carli, Rome, 20 September 2020
Lecturer, Great powers in the new Africa, Diploma in International Politics, ISPI & Fondazione Sicilia, Palermo, 8 June 2020
Speaker, Il virus in Africa: tutta un’altra storia?, Executive Briefing, ISPI, Milan, 27 May 2020
Lecturer, Leadership politica e sviluppo in Africa: il progetto Africa Leadership Change e i risultati empirici, Collegio Carlo Alberto, Turin, 18 May 2020
Speaker, South Africa. Country presentation, Executive Briefing, Intesa SanPaolo Banking Group, Milan, 24 March 2020
Speaker, Kenya and Ethiopia. Country presentations, Executive Briefing, ISPI, 24 February 2020
Speaker, Nigeria and Ghana. Country presentations, Executive Briefing, ISPI, 14 February 2020
Lecturer, Europa e Africa: UE, potenze europee e Italia, Corso Formazione RAI: “Africa/Afriche/Italia Raccontare un continente”, Rome, 5 February 2020
Chair (Panel), Future challenges of EU-Africa relations, 4×4 Directors Forum. African-European Think Tank Dialogue, IFRI (Institut Français des Relations Internationals), Paris, 3 February 2020
Lecturer, Il mondo in Africa: grandi potenze e potenze emergenti, Corso Formazione RAI: “Africa/Afriche/Italia Raccontare un continente”, Rome, 4 December 2019
Speaker, Il nuovo Corno d’Africa, Italia-Africa Business Week “Costruire il business 4.0”, Milan, 26 November 2019
Speaker, Building and using a dataset: the Africa Leadership Change dataset, Institute for Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 23 October 2019
Speaker, Political leadership and development in Africa. The project, the dataset, the findings, Ethiopian Civil Service University, Addis Ababa, 16 October 2019
Lecturer, Le potenze esterne in Africa: Cina, USA, Russia e gli altri attori internazionali, Scuola di Formazione delle Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Rome, 5 June 2019
Speaker, Cause di migrazione e contesti di origine: Nigeria e Ghana, “Cause di migrazione e contesti di origine dei richiedenti protezione internazionale”, Caritas, Milan, 24 May 2019
Paper giver, Political leadership and development in Africa. The project, the dataset, the findings, Institut Barcelona d’Estudis Internacionals, 14 May 2019
Lecturer, Africa: epicentre of the future balances?, Contemporary Geopolitics: players, challenges and global trends, Università Bocconi, Milan, 18 May 2019
Speaker, Cause di migrazione e contesti di origine: Africa subsahariana, “Cause di migrazione e contesti di origine dei richiedenti protezione internazionale”, Caritas, Milan, 10 May 2019
Speaker, The new Horn of Africa: What is changing?, Executive Briefing, Bonelli Erede Legal Firm, Milan, 8 April 2019
Lecturer, L’Africa nella politica internazionale: le sfide della stabilità e dello sviluppo?, Diploma in Politica Internazionale, ISPI & Fondazione Sicilia, Palermo, 29 March 2019
Speaker, Leadership politiche e stato della democrazia in Africa, Workshop Dialoghi sull’Africa, Milan, 24 November 2018
Speaker, L’Africa verso il 2030: quale futuro?, Bookcity, Milan, 16 November 2018
Speaker, Lo scenario africano: uno sguardo d’insieme, 2a scuola Mondi Migranti “Studiare per comprendere le migrazioni”, Brescia, 6-9 November 2018
Speaker, Economic trends and drivers in sub-Saharan Africa: Performances and outlook, NATO “Eagle Eye 2018” Seminar, NATO Rapid Deployable Corps, Milan, 9-10 May 2018
Speaker, Diversità e sinergie possibili a livello regionale, Conference “Africa sub-sahariana. La sfida dello sviluppo paritario”, Centro Italiano per la Pace in Medio Oriente (CIPMO) and Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM), Milan, 12 April 2018
Speaker, L’integrazione regionale in Africa, Scuola di Formazione delle Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Rome, 10 April 2018
Speaker, Out of Africa: perché i migranti vengono in Europa?, ISPI, Milan, 17 ottobre 2017
Speaker, Africa subsahariana: sfide e scenari verso il 2018 e oltre, Bonelli Erede Studio Legale, Milan, 9 October 2017
Speaker, L’Africa nel contesto internazionale: quali sfide e quali scenari?, Scuola di Formazione delle Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Rome, 12 April 2017
Lecturer, L’Africa nella politica internazionale: quali sfide geopolitiche?, Diploma in Politica Internazionale, ISPI & Fondazione Sicilia, Palermo, March 2017
Speaker, L’Africa tra globalizzazione, terrorismo e mercati emergenti, Friuli Future Forum, Udine, February 2017
Speaker, Crescita economica e mercati di frontiera in Africa subsahariana, Confindustria Belluno-Dolomiti, Belluno, October 2016
Speaker, Crescita e sviluppo in Africa subsahariana: quali progressi? quali sfide?, Ciclo “Africa – conoscere e comprendere”, Associazione L’altra Via, Calolziocorte (Lecco), 18 October 2016
Paper giver (with Alessandro Pellegata), Introducing the Africa Leadership Change dataset. Leadership Change and Government Performance, 24th World Congress of the International Political Science Association (IPSA), Poznań, 23-28 July 2016 (renounced – paper presented by co-author)
Paper giver (with Andrea Cassani), Nigeria and the jigsaw puzzle of democratization by elections in Africa, ECPR General Conference, Prague, 7-10 September 2016 (renounced – paper presented by co-author)
Speaker, Sudafrica: tempo di cambiare?, ISPI, Milan, November 2016
Paper giver, The Africa Leadership Change dataset: A new tool for studying political leadership and development, Seminar, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), London, June 2016
Lecturer, Chiaroscuro africano. Crisi, competizioni, risorse e innovazione: riflessi per l’Italia, Scuola di Formazione delle Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, Rome, 9 June 2016
Rapporteur, Italia-Africa. Conferenza Ministeriale, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Rome, 18 May 2016
Speaker, L’Africa sub-sahariana nel 2016, Conference “Un mondo in subbuglio: quali scenari per il 2016?”, Assolombarda-Confindustria, Milan, January 2016
Speaker, Africa’s frontier markets: evolution and opportunities, Panel on “Sectoral value chains and industrial cooperation between EU-Med and Africa”, EUROMED Invest Conference, Milan, October 2015
Speaker, Political leaders and development in Africa: beyond ‘personal rule’?, ISPI Research Seminar, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, October 2015
Speaker, Leoni d’Africa. Le economie emergenti subsahariane e l’Italia, Alta Scuola di Economia e Relazioni Internazionali (ASERI), Milan, 23 April 2015
Speaker, Le elezioni 2015 in Nigeria, Foreign and European Affairs Commission, House of Deputies, Parliament, Rome, March 2015
Speaker, Il sistema politico della Nigeria, Workshop: “Nigeria: nuova potenza economica africana?”, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Rome, 1 December 2014
Speaker, Economic, social and political change in sub-Saharan Africa. Implications for Europe, Inter-Parliamentary Conference for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), Senate of the Republic, Rome, 5-7 November 2014
Paper giver, Leadership change and social welfare in sub-Saharan Africa, Congress of the South African Association of Political Science (SAAPS), University of South Africa, Pretoria, 11-13 September 2014
Paper giver, “Economic and social trends in sub-Saharan Africa”, International NATO conference: “Flexible frameworks, beyond borders. Understanding regional dynamics to enhance cooperative security”, jointly organized by Headquarters, NATO Supreme Allied Command Transformation (HQ SACT), Università degli Studi di Bologna, and Institute of International Affairs (IAI) of Rome, Bertinoro (Forlì), 15-17 May 2014
Speaker, Le nuove frontiere. Stabilità politica e rischio politico nella regione sub-Sahariana, Conference “Global scenarios”, Rome, SACE, April 2014
Speaker, The Africa Report (“La politica dell’Italia in Africa. Contesto, interessi e scenari della presenza politica e economica italiana nell’Africa subsahariana”, ISPI, transl. Italy’s policy in Africa: political interests and economic opportunities), a background study commissioned by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Nuova Aula dei Gruppi Parlamentari, Rome, 13 February 2014
Speaker, L’Africa cambia. Quali prospettive per l’Italia?, Conference on “Africa. Un continente in trasformazione”, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, Milan, 24 March 2014
Speaker, From autocracy to democracy: Africa’s experiences, ISPI Research Seminar, Milan, 15 May 2013
Paper giver, The impact of democratization on economic growth and social welfare: some evidence from Africa’s emerging ‘lions’, Invited presentation at Center for African and Development Studies (CeSA), School of Economics and Management (ISEG), Lisbon, May 9th, 2013
Speaker, Executive Briefings for Assolombarda: Nigeria and Ghana, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, Milan, 19 November 2012
Paper giver, Are lions democrats? The impact of democratization on economic growth in Africa, 1980-2010 (co-authors: Vincenzo Memoli, Lia Quartapelle), Paper presented at the XXVI Congress of the Società Italiana di Scienza Politica, Rome, 13-15 September 2012
Paper giver, Does democratization foster state consolidation? A panel analysis of the ‘backward hypothesis’ (co-author: Vincenzo Memoli), Paper presented at the XXII World Congress of the International Political Science Association, Madrid, 8-12 July 2012
Lecturer, The states of the Gulf of Guinea, Course on Refugees and the Right of Asylum, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, Milan, 3 May 2012
Speaker, Research seminar: The African lions between good governance and economic growth, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, Milan, 17 April 2012
Paper giver, Democratic reforms and the state, Paper presented at the 20th Anniversary Conference & Alumni Reunion of the Department of International Development, London School of Economics, 7-10 September 2011
Discussant, Panel: Forme e dinamiche della recessione democratica in Africa Sub – sahariana, XXIV Congresso Annuale della Società Italiana di Scienza Politica (SISP), Università IUAV, Venice, 16-18 September 2010
Speaker, Roundtable: Uganda at a cross-roads: Trends, dilemmas and contradictions in the democratization process, 52nd Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association (ASA), New Orleans, 19-22 November 2009
Paper giver, Do new democracies deliver social welfare? Political regimes and health policy in Ghana and Cameroon, Paper presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association (ASA), New Orleans, 19-22 November 2009
Scientific Co-ordinator, Conference, Stati Generali della Solidarietà e Cooperazione Internazionale (SG) – Forum Regione Lombardia, Facoltà di Scienze Politiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, 5-6 June 2008
Paper giver, Do all good things go together? The political, economic and social consequences of democratisation, paper presented at: 66th Annual Conference of the MidWest Political Science Association-MPSA (Chicago, 6 April 2008); Crisis States Research Centre, London School of Economics (London, 10 October 2007); Dipartimento di Studi Sociali e Politici, Università degli Studi di Milano (Milan, 8 January 2008); XXI Congresso Annuale della Società Italiana di Scienza Politica (Catania, 21 September 2007).
Speaker, L’espansione politica ed economica del Sudafrica in Africa subsahariana, Festival Dedica, Pordenone, 17 April 2008
Lecturer, L’Africa tra stati deboli e relazioni globali, Corso Avanzato in Diplomazia e Studi Internazionali, Istituto Universitario di Studi Europei, Turin, 26 March 2008
Speaker, Sistemi politici e conflitti in Africa sub-sahariana, Ministry of Home Affairs, Rome, 28 June 2007
Discussant, Panel: Political parties and ethnic conflict management in sub-Saharan Africa, 4th General Conference of the European Consortium for Political Research-ECPR, Pisa, 8 September 2007
Lecturer, Europe and Africa, Seminar series: Le nuove frontiere dell’Unione Europea, Università Bocconi, 20 March 2007 and 5 December 2007
Speaker, Conference: La giustizia penale internazionale e i conflitti africani, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, Milan, 26 February 2007
Speaker, Conferenza La Somalia fra guerra civile e guerra globale al terrorismo, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, Milan, 2 February 2007
Speaker, Stato e conflitti armati in Africa sub-sahariana, Centro Alti Studi per la Difesa (CASD), Istituto Superiore di Stato Maggiore Interforze (ISSMI), Rome, 11 December 2006
Convener, La riscoperta dell’Africa: cinque tavole rotonde, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, October 2006-May 2007
Speaker, Conference: Democratizzare l’Africa, Conference series: La riscoperta dell’Africa, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, Milan, 6 November 2006
Speaker, Conference on Perchè l’Africa oggi, Conference series: La riscoperta dell’Africa, Istituto per gli Studi di Politica Internazionale, Milan, 24 October 2006
Lecturer, Non si vive di sola guerra. Crisi, conflitti e processi di pace e stabilizzazione in Africa sub-sahariana, serie di seminari L’Africa è più vicina, Associazione Culturale Puntorosso, Milan, 2 March 2006
Speaker, Workshop: Fighting poverty effectively: lines of reflection for a new partnership with Africa, in preparation of VII International Europe-Africa Conference organized by Aspen France, Accra (Ghana), 24-27 November, 2005
Convener and Lecturer, Course: L’Africa nel mondo alle soglie del XXI secolo, Collegio di Milano, Milan, November-December 2005
Lecturer, Risorse naturali, maledizioni e conflitti in Africa, Master in Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 11 October 2005
Convener, Panel: Le società culturalmente divise: democrazia e conflitto, XIX Convegno Nazionale della Società Italiana di Scienza Politica (SISP), Cagliari, 21-23 September 2005
Paper giver, Partiti politici e sistemi di partito in Africa. Temi e prospettive di ricerca, paper presented at the XIX Convegno Nazionale della Società Italiana di Scienza Politica (Sisp), Cagliari, 21-23 September 2005
Convener, Panel: Stato, conflitto e democrazia: Africa e oltre, XVIII Convegno Nazionale della Società Italiana di Scienza Politica (SISP), Padua, 15-17 September 2004
Paper giver, La riduzione delle guerre civili nell’Africa sub-sahariana: nuovo trend o breve parentesi?, paper presented at the XVIII Convegno Nazionale della Società Italiana di Scienza Politica (SISP), Padua, 15-17 September 2004
Discussant, Workshop: Mutamenti dello stato nell’Africa postcoloniale, Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Milan, 18 April 2005
Lecturer, La guerra in Africa: un bilancio, Master in Strategic Studies, Università degli Studi di Milano, 4 March 2005
Paper giver, ‘Populism’ visits Africa: the case of Yoweri Museveni and no-party democracy in Uganda, Crisis States Programme Annual Workshop, India International Centre, New Delhi, 13-17 December 2004
Speaker, Le guerre in Africa: un bilancio, come ospite del Seminario permanente di Politica internazionale su “L’uso della violenza nella politica contemporanea”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, 25 November 2004
Paper giver, A decline in the number of civil wars in sub-Saharan Africa? Hypotheses and prospects, Centre for Basic Research, Kampala, 7 October 2004
Speaker, State and conflict in Africa: lessons from the Congo wars, paper presented at the Convegno su Globalization and armed conflicts, Centro Militare Studi Strategici (CeMISS), Rome, 23 May 2003